The Central African Republic's mineral resource endowment includes copper, diamond, gold, graphite, ilmenite, iron ore, kaolin, kyanite, lignite, limestone, manganese, monazite, quartz, rutile, salt, tin, and uranium. Of these commodities, only diamond and gold were produced in 2006; subsistence farming was the mainstay of the economy. The World Trade Organization estimated that the mining sector accounted for about 7% of the gross domestic product; rough diamond and timber were the country's leading export products.[1]
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Production of gold and diamond, which is mostly artisanal, comes from the regions of Berberati, Haute-Kotto, and [[Haute- Sangha]]. In 2006, diamond production increased to about 420,000 carats (84 kg) from a revised 383,294 carats (76.659 kg) in 2005; diamond exports, which were mainly destined for Europe and Israel, amounted to about 416,000 carats (83 kg) and were valued at $59 million.
Production and trade of diamond and gold are overseen by the Bureau d'Evaluation et de Côntrole de Diamant et d'Or (BECDOR). BECDOR maintains the country's diamond and gold production database and assesses the value of diamond parcels that come from the various diamond-exporting companies (collectively known as bureaux d'achat) that operate in the country.
Axmin Inc. of Canada continues to explore for gold in the country. A prefeasibility study for the Passendro gold project was completed by gbM ltd. of the united Kingdom in early 2006 and was followed by a feasibility study conducted by Senet (pty) ltd. of South Africa, which was commissioned during the third quarter of 2006. the prefeasibility study had envisioned an open pit operation with a gravity carbon-in-leach processing plant that would process about 3 million metric tons per year (Mt/yr) of ore with production estimated to be about 6,200 kilograms per year (kg/yr) of gold (reported as 200,000 troy ounces).
other companies exploring for gold in the country included prospero Minerals Corp. (formerly Corumel Minerals Corp., name changed in 2006), and tamija gold & diamond exploration inc. of the united States, and london-based pan African resources plc.
in 2006, energem resources inc. of Canada continued to focus on the development of suitable diamond prospects within its bangana, bria, Kotto, and Quadda concessions. vaaldiam resources ltd.’s plans to explore for diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes in the country continued to be on hold during the year as the company focused on other priority exploration areas in Brazil and Canada. other companies exploring for diamond included pangea diamondfields plc, which planned to invest $3.2 million in a bulk sampling plant for its dimbi project concession area, and gem diamonds ltd., which held exploration and mining permits for the Mambere river project near the town of berberati.
Central African Republic did not produce mineral fuels in 2006 and depended upon imports for its energy requirements. united reef ltd. of Canada, which had obtained the rights to a petroleum exploration permit in the country through a farm-in agreement with denver-based rSM production Corp. (rSM) in 2004, was unable to continue with its exploration activities in 2006. the company declared “force majeure” following the lack of progress in resolving a contract dispute between rSM and the government. the company’s exploration permit was for the doseo and the Salamat basins in the northern part of the country.
Uranium was discovered in 1966 in the Bakouma region in the eastern part of the country, and there was further prospecting in the Berbérati and Bangassou areas; exploitation has not occurred, because of high start-up costs and poor transportation. Reserves were estimated at 18,000 tons. Iron deposits estimated at 3.5 million tons have been exploited, but production has ceased.
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